Automotive chips yog automotive electronics ic, yog ib hom embedded system chips, ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb, uas tau siv dav hauv cov tswj hwm thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm tsheb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm processors thiab ntau yam circuits, automotive chips yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj ntau lub zog ntawm lub tsheb, xws li lub cav tswj, lub rooj zaum, thiab lub kaw lus ua haujlwm. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los xyuas kom meej tias lub tsheb tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua haujlwm zoo, ruaj khov thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv cov chaw tsav tsheb nyuaj thiab hloov tau.
Feem ntau hom automotive chips
1, Microcontroller (MCU)
Microcontrollers yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm automotive chips thiab tau siv dav hauv kev tswj cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsheb. Lawv koom ua ke kev nco, processors, input/output interfaces, thiab logic circuits, thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj ntau lub zog xws li lub cav, qhov rooj, thiab teeb.
01
2, Sensor chips yog siv los saib xyuas ntau yam kev ntsuas lub cev ntawm lub tsheb, xws li qhov kub thiab txias, lub teeb thiab lub suab, thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv no hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag mus rau chav tswj hwm lub tsheb. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus sensor thiab interface circuits.
02
3, Analog-rau-digital converter (ADC)
ADC nti yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov cov cim analog rau hauv cov cim digital kom lub khoos phis tawj hauv lub tsheb tuaj yeem txhais thiab ua tiav lawv. Hom nti no muaj ib qho piv txwv pem hauv ntej-kawg Circuit Court, ib qho piv txwv Circuit Court, thiab digital circuit, thiab yog siv dav hauv kev ntsuas hluav taws xob teeb liab.
03
4, Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
DSP chips yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov teeb liab digital thiab feem ntau siv hauv tsheb rau kev ua suab thiab duab. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug processor core thiab lwm yam logic circuits, txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm automotive audio thiab visual systems.
04
5, Cov chips nco yog siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb, xws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, nyiam tsav tsheb, thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv suab paj nruag. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho tsheb kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev paub txog tus kheej.
05
Cov neeg muab khoom:
Automotive nti cov chaw muag khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob lub chaw loj: cov tuam txhab lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov lag luam hauv tsev, suav nrog ntau qhov chaw xws li fais fab semiconductors, MCUs, thiab cov tsav tsheb tsav tsheb. Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tseem tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv tsev tau nrawm dua, thiab cov lag luam hauv zos tau ua tiav kev ua tiav hauv cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb.
Ⅰ.Cov neeg xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb
Infineon
Cov tsheb loj tshaj plaws - qib chip tsum nrog cov khoom lag luam npog lub zog semiconductors, sensors, MCUs, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj 15 lub hauv paus tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Nws cov IGBT modules muaj kev ua lag luam ua lag luam hauv kev tswj hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog tshiab.
NVIDIA tau koom tes nrog automakers xws li BYD thiab Li Auto los tsim cov ntse tsav tsheb. Txawm hais tias nws H20 nti yog raug txwv rau kev xa tawm, nws CUDA ecosystem tseem siv dav rau kev cob qhia kev tsav tsheb algorithms.
NXP, Renesas Electronics, thiab Texas Instruments koom ua ke tuav 47.8% feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam tsheb semiconductor hauv thawj ib nrab xyoo 2024, feem ntau muab nruab nrab - rau - siab - cov khoom kawg xws li chips kev sib txuas lus thiab analog chips.
II. Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Tsev
◆ BYD Semiconductor
Lub tuam txhab ua lag luam hauv tsev ntawm tsheb-qib IGBT thiab SiC cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductors, MCUs, thiab sensors, uas yog siv rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv tsheb BYD thiab rau cov neeg siv khoom sab nraud.
◆ Qab ntug
Kev tsom mus rau AI chips rau kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog, Journey series chips tau teeb tsa hauv cov qauv los ntawm Li Auto, Changan thiab lwm lub npe, muab cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw rau algorithms thiab suav platforms.
Huawei HiSilicon's Ascend series chips txhawb nqa kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg, Kirin chips txhawb kev txawj ntse cockpits, thiab 5G kev sib txuas lus chips txhim kho tsheb- rau- tsheb sib txuas muaj peev xwm.
◆ Lwm cov tuam txhab tsim tawm tshiab
● Noob Noob Dub Tshuab:Lub HuaShan A1000 nti txhawb L3 / L4 qib autonomous tsav tsheb.
● Guoxin Technology:Automotive - qib MCU thiab DSP chips yog siv rau hauv kev tswj lub cev.
● China Resources Microelectronics:Qhov thib ob -tiam SiC MOS platform lub ntsiab tsav module tau tsim ntau-.
III. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb
Cov chips hauv tsev tau nce los ntawm nruab nrab - mus rau - qis - hloov pauv mus rau siab - kawg.
● Lub Zog Semiconductors:Tuam Tshoj Resources Microelectronics thiab Finspan Semiconductor tau tshaj tawm 1200V SiC MOSFET modules.
● MCU:Chuangwei Semiconductor tau tso tawm lub siab lub cev tswj nti series BAT32A4x9 rau tsheb.
● Intelligent Tsav Chips:Xingchi Technology tau tshaj tawm X9 / V9 series npog cov ntse cockpits thiab kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog.
Chip manufacturing txheej txheem:
Cov txheej txheem tsim chip tiav suav nrog ntau theem: chip tsim, wafer fabrication, ntim, thiab kev sim, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm no, wafer fabrication yog tshwj xeeb yog complex. Cov duab hauv qab no pab peb nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem wafer fabrication. Nws pib nrog nti tsim, qhov twg "tus qauv" yog tsim raws li cov qauv tsim.
Wafer Khoom
Cov khoom siv raw siv los ua chips yog wafer. Wafers yog tsim los ntawm silicon, uas yog refined los ntawm quartz xuab zeb. Cov silicon yog purified mus rau qib siab heev (99.999%) thiab tom qab ntawd tsim rau hauv silicon siv lead ua ingots, uas yog cov khoom siv semiconductor rau kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov ingots no yog hlais rau hauv nyias wafers siv hauv chip fabrication. Thinner wafers txo cov nqi tsim khoom, tab sis lawv xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab dua.
Wafer Txheej
Ib txheej yog siv rau wafer los muab kev tiv thaiv oxidation thiab siab -kub kam rau ua. Cov txheej no yog hom khoom siv photoresist.
Photolithography, Kev Txhim Kho, thiab Etching
Cov txheej txheem no siv cov khoom siv tshuaj uas nkag siab rau ultraviolet (UV) lub teeb. Kev raug UV teeb ua rau cov photoresist soften thiab yaj. Los ntawm kev tswj tus qauv ntawm lub npog ntsej muag, cov qauv nti xav tau tuaj yeem tsim.
Ua ntej, ib txheej ntawm photoresist yog siv rau silicon wafer. Lub photomask yog tom qab ntawd muab tso rau saum lub wafer, thiab UV teeb yog npaj rau nws. Cov chaw raug tshem tawm thiab raug ntxuav tawm nrog cov kuab tshuaj, tawm hauv qab tus qauv zoo ib yam li lub npog ntsej muag. Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov txheej txheem silicon dioxide.
Doping nrog impurities
Ions raug cog rau hauv wafer los tsim P-hom thiab N- hom semiconductor cheeb tsam. Cov txheej txheem pib los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov chaw xaiv ntawm silicon wafer thiab muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj ion sib xyaw. Doping hloov cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, cia txhua tus transistor hloov mus rau thiab tawm lossis khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov chips yooj yim yuav xav tau ib txheej nkaus xwb, thaum cov chips nyuaj muaj ntau txheej. Cov txheej txheem ntawm photolithography thiab doping yog rov ua dua ntau zaus, nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv txuas los ntawm kev sib cuag qhib. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo rau kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm ntau lub rooj sib tham (PCBs). Cov chips Advanced tej zaum yuav xav tau ntau txheej silicon dioxide, uas ua rau peb -seem qauv.
Kev xeem Wafer
Tom qab cov txheej txheem saum toj no, lub wafer muaj ntau daim phiaj -zoo li tuag. Cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob ntawm txhua qhov tuag yog sim siv cov koob tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Txij li thaum ib lub wafer muaj coob tus neeg tuag, kev sojntsuam sojntsuam yog qhov nyuaj heev. Qhov no yog vim li cas semiconductor manufacturers feem ntau tsim chips ntawm tib yam specifications nyob rau hauv loj ntim. Cov khoom ntim ntau dua txo tus nqi ib nti, uas yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor tseem pheej yig.
Ntim
Thaum wafer fabrication tiav lawm, lub wafer yog diced thiab tus neeg chips yog mounted thiab txuas rau sab nraud leads. Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, ntau hom pob tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov no yog vim li cas tib lub nti core tej zaum yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, xws li DIP, QFP, PLCC, thiab QFN. Kev xaiv pob yog nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb xws li cov ntawv thov, ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm, kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, thiab cov neeg siv nyiam.
Cov kauj ruam kawg hauv kev tsim chip yog kev sim, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev sim dav dav thiab kev sim tshwj xeeb.
Kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav suav nrog kev ntsuas cov ntim cov chips nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm hluav taws xob xws li kev siv hluav taws xob, kev khiav hauj lwm ceev, thiab kev kam rau siab voltage. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau, cov chips tau muab qhab nia rau hauv ntau hom kev ua tau zoo.
Kev kuaj tshwj xeeb yog ua kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov chips xaiv nrog cov lus qhia zoo sib xws yog raug rau cov kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim seb lawv puas ua raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov kev cai nti tsim tsim nyog.
Chips uas dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau sau nrog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, qauv naj npawb, thiab hnub tsim khoom, ntim, thiab xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Chips uas tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yuav raug txo qis rau qis dua - daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo lossis muab pov tseg raws li cov khoom tsis raug.
Cim npe nrov: Tuam Tshoj auto chips manufacturers, lwm tus neeg